2parte

Yormary ball cid 108 ci: 21098131

a) Tom (she) told, “I want to visit my friends this weekend”
Tom told her that he wanted to visit his friends that weekend
b) Jerry (you) told “I'm studying English a lot at the moment”

jerry told me he was studing english at that momoent

c) They (you) told “We've lived here for a long time”

they told me that we had lived there for a long time

d) He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?”

he asked me had i finished reading the newspaper

e) Peter (they) told “I get up every morning at seven o'clock”

peter told them that he up every mornig at seven o´clock

f) Susan (he) told, “I can come tonight”

susan told him that she could come tonight

g) She (she) said “I really wish I had bought that new car”

she said ehr that she really wished she would by that nwe car

h) The Teachers (she) “we like the new principal”

the teachers said her that they liked the new principal

i) Mrs Snow (she) told “all my children can swim very well”

mrs snow told her that all her children could swin very well

j) Susan (boys) asked “Was she a Venezuelan woman?”

susan asked them had he been a venezuelan woman

k) Paul (they) asked “Did you work for an Italian Company?”

paul asked them had i worked for an italian company

l) Peter (you) told “ This car is yours

peter told me that that car was mine

yormary ball ci: 21.098.131 cid : 108

Gerunds

1) Engineering refers to the practice of organizing the desing and construction.

Object of Preposition
Ingenieria refiere a la practica de organizar el diseño y la construccion

2) Construction market are having an impact on already thin profit margins.

Part of a progressive verb
Mercado de la contruccion está teniendo un impacto en los margenes de beneficio ya debiles

3) The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.

subjec complement
El medico general aconsejo beber leche baja en grasa

4) only by exploring civil engineering´s influence in shaping the world we know today.

Part of progressive verb
Solo mediante la exploracion de la ingenieria civil influyo en la configuracion del mundo que hoy conocemos

5) Smoking is forbidden.


Part of progressive verb
Esta prohibido fumar

6) I have a long working day.

Gerund as an Adjetive
Tengo un largo trabajo hoy

7) I don´t like dancing.

Object direct
No me gusta bailar

8) Marketing is a very inexact science .

Gerund as subject
El mercado es una ciencia muy enesacta

9) The marketing of the product will continue for a few months yet.


Gerund as Subject
La comercializacion del producto continuara durante unos meses todavia

10) Speaking to an audience is always stressful.

Gerund as Subject
Hablar hacia una audiencia es siempre estresante

11) Swimming after work is very relaxing.

Gerund as subject
Nadar antes del trabajo es muy relajante

12) Before leaving, you need to speak to sarah.

Complement of the verb
Antes de salir, tu necesitas hablar con sarah

13) after discussing it with her, l´ve changed my mind.

Subject complement
Despues de discutir con ella, ya cambie mi apinion

14) Instead of feeling sorry for yourself, do some work for charity.

Object of preposition
En vez de sentir lastima por ti mismo, haz algo de trabajo por la caridad

15) i don´t objetc to working this sunday

Object of preposition
no me apongo a trabar los domingos



yormary ball cid 108 ci: 21098131

Can, Could, May and Might

Part I. Use one of the modal verbs in brackets to fill each gap.

They (can/might) CAN be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.
You (may/might) MAY leave now if you wish.
(Could/May) MAY you open the window a bit, please?
He (can/could) CAN be from Sheffield, judging by his accent.
(May/Can) CAN you sim?
Listen, please. You (may not/might not) MIGHT NOT speak during this exam.
They (can’t/may not) MAY NOT still be out!
You (couldn’t/might not) MIGHT NOTsmoke on the bus.
With luck, tomorrow (can/could) CAN be a cooler day.
You (can/might) CAN be right but I’m going back to check the times.


Conveying Necessity

Part II. Use either “must”, “had to”, “have to”, or “must not” for the following sentences. And Traslate each one into Spanish.

Children MUST NOT (play) with flammable liquids.
Los niños no deben jugar con líquidos inflamables.

I HAD TO (go) home early last night.
Tuve que ir temprano a casa anoche.

They HAD TO (visit) the doctor yesterday as they were not feeling well.
Tuvieron que acudir al medico ayer ya que no se sentían bien.

We MUST (get) going; it’s after midnight!
Debemos ponernos yendo; ¡es después de la medianoche!

When did you HAVE TO (arrive) for the work last week?
¿Cuándo tuvo que usted llegar para el trabajo la semana pasada?


Modal Verbs of Probability

Part III. Use must, might, may, could or can’t plus the correct form of the verb.

Where is David? He MUST (be) at school. Classes begin at 8,
She MAY (think) that it is a good idea. It’s crazy!
Courses MAY (begin) the fifth of September.
Are you joking! David CAN´T (go) to Paris last week. He doesn’t have enough money.
They MAY (live) in New York, but I’m not sure.
The concert MIGHT (be) wonderful las night. Fiore is a great conductor.

Ejercicios

• i can think very well when i am happy
• could you help me with the homework, please?
• May i borrow your pen, please?
• I might swimm this weekend.
• Everybody must have a drivers license to drive a car
• you must not smoke in the hospital
• you may not take the book out of the library
• we ought to bring our materials to work with art.
• shall i take you car to the car wash
• we should bring a towel to swimm tomorro
• the class will bring cookies to the party
• would you wash the car please

EXERCISES I.- Write the correct form of the verb in the chart according to the tenses given.
Present Past Past Participle Meaning
Bring BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAER
Make MADE MADE HACER
FIX FIXED FIXED ARREGLAR
DO-DOES DID DID HACER
HAS-HAVE HAD HAD TENER -HABER

II.- Write the correct form of the verb with the right tense.
1.- My father WILL USE(use) this equipment for a long time tomorrow.
A) Future b) Present perfect c) Simple past

2. - Dr. Albert Einstein EXPLAINED (explain) how atomic energy can be released many years ago.
a) Future b) Present simple C) Simple past

3.- Engineers sometimes REWRITE (rewrite) the project before discussing it .
A) Simple present b) Present progressive c) Simple past

4.- The students WILL GIVE (give) the result to the teacher next Friday.
a) Past progressive b) Present progressive C) Future

5.- The company IS CHANGEING(change) the equipments in all department now.
a) Present perfect b) Simple past C) Present progressive

6.- The mechanic BROKE (break)the internal pieces in that washing machine yesterday
A) Simple past b) present perfect c) Past perfect

7.- Civil engineer HAVE MIX (mix) all the substances to make a special concrete lately.
a) Present perfect b) Simple present c) present Progressive


III Change these sentences to questions using the auxiliaries “Do” or “Does”
1.-A generator uses magnets to produce an electric current.
DOES A GENERATOR USES MAGNETS TO PRODUCE AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
2.-They accept data and instructions as input and after processing the information the supply the results as output.
DOES They accept data and instructions as input and after processing the information the supply the results as output.
3.-The normal heart beats about 37,000,000 times a year.
DO The normal heart beats about 37,000,000 times a year.
4.- Did Transformers transmit electrical power all day when they exploded?

IV Answer these questions
1.- Did Romans build many stone bridges in all Europe?
yes, he built many stone bridges in all europe
no, he didn`t build stone bridges in all europe
2.- Did your father Fix his house last night?
yes, he fixed his house last night
no, he didn`t fix his hpuse last night
3.- Did men experiment with the electrical current during the latter half of
the nineteenth century?
yes, the experiment withed the electrical current during the latter half of
the nineteenth century
no the experiment didn`t with the electrical current during the latter half of
the nineteenth centu
yormary ball ci: 21098131 cid:108
V Complete these present or past progressive sentences.
1.- The new aircraft was maintained (maintain) the speed right last night.
2.- In this experiment, the sunlight is passing (pass) through a small hole in the wall at that moment.
3.- Transformers were transmited (transmit) electrical power all day when they exploded yesterday
4.- They are organizeing(organize)the electrical devices while we were cleaning them.

simple present

1) he wants a glass of water
2) john listens to music
3) the children play in the park
4)you study english
5) i travel to paris

past continuos.

1) we were danceing yesterday
2) he was reading an english book yesterday
3) we were walking in the park last month
4) i was speaking on the telephone yesterday
5) she was eating a delighful dessert las night

present continuos

1) my mother is working now
2) i am cooking a delicius pie
3) she is writting a book right now
4) the are playing baseball now
5) he is traveling to new york city

ultima guia

Yormary ball ci: 21098131 cid : 21098131

UNIT IV Reported Speech

c) They (you) told “We've lived here for a long time”
THEY TOLD ME THAT THERE HAVE LIVED THERE FOR A LONG TIME

d) He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?”
HE ASKED ME IF I HAD FINISHED READING THE NEWSPAPER

e) Peter (they) told “I get up every morning at seven o'clock”
PETER TOLD THE THAT HE GET UO EVERY MORNING AT SEVEN O CLOCK

f) Susan (he) told, “I can come tonight”
SUSAN TOLD HIM THAT SHE COULD COME THAT NIGHT

g) She (she) said “I really wish I had bought that new car”
SHE SAID THAT SHE REALLY WISHED SHE HAD BOUGHT THAT NEW CAR

h) The Teachers (she) “we like the new principal”
THE TEACHERS TOLD HER THAT THEY LIKED THE PRINCIPAL

i) Mrs Snow (she) told “all my children can swim very well”
MRS. SNOW TOLD HER THAT ALL HER CHILDREN COUL SWIM VERY WELL

j) Susan (boys) asked “Was she a Venezuelan woman?”
SUSAN ASKED THEM SHE WAS A VENEZUELA WOMAN

k) Paul (they) asked “Did you work for an Italian Company?”
PAUL ASKED THEM IF THEY HAD WORKED FOR AN ITALIAN COMPANY

l) Peter (you) told “ This car is yours
PETER TOLD YOU THAT CAR WAS YOURS

Exercises
Part I. Passive Voice. Change the sentences from Active Voice to Passive Voice (5 points)
Example : She makes the reports
The reports are made by her

1) Financial institutions invested foreign funds

FOREIGN FUNDS WERE INVESTED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

2) Economist Paul Krugman explains the credit crisis.

THE CREDIT CRISIS IS EXPLAINED BY ECONOMIST PAUL KRIGMAN

3) She will make the financial reports
THE FINANCIAL REPORTS WILL BE MADE BY HER

4) The reports have indicated the financial economic reality
THE FINANCIAL ECONOMIC REALITY HAS BEEN INDICATED BY THE REPORTS

5) This credit freeze brought the global financial system.
THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM WAS BROUGHT BY THIS CREDIT FREEZE

Part II. Change the sentences from Passive Voice to Active Voice (5 points)

Example: The counts were checked by my boss
My boss checked the counts.

1) Financial capital has been subcategorized by some academics

SOME A ACADEMICS HAS SUBCATEGORIZED FINANCIAL CAPITAL

2) Capital is contributed by the owner or entrepreneur of a business

THE OWNER OR ENTREPENEUR OF A BUSINERS CONTRIBUTES CAPITAL

3) the incremental compensation was required by investors for taking on additional risk.

INVESTORS FOR TAKING ON ADDITIONAL RISK REQUIRED THE INCREMENTAL COMPENSATION

4) A commodity price bubble was created following the collapse in the housing bubble.

THE COLLAPSE IN THE HOUSING BUBBLE CREATED A COMMODITY PRICE BUBBLE

5) $11 trillion to the crisis has been committed by the US government

THE US GOVERNMENT HAS COMMITTED $11 TRILLION TO THE CRISIS

UNIT IV Reported Speech and passive voice exercises

II. Report the following

1) Tom (you) told 'I want to visit my friends this weekend.'

TOM TOLD ME THAT HE WANTED TO VISIT MY FRIENDS THIS WEEKEND

2) Jerry (she) told 'I'm studying English a lot now.'

JERRY TOLD A THAT HE WAS A LOT NOW

3) They (you) told 'We've lived here for a long time.

THEY TOLD ME THAT THEY HAD LIVE THERE FOR A LONG TIME

4) He asked me 'Have you finished reading the newspaper?

HE ASKED ME IF I HAD FINISHED READING THE NEWSPAPER

5) 'I get up every morning at seven o'clock.', Peter said

PETER SAID THAT HE GOT UP EVERY MORNING AT SEVEN O'CLOCK

6) Susan (you) told, 'I can come tonight.

SUSAN TOLD ME THAT SHE COULD COME TONIGHT

7) She said, 'I really wish I had bought that new car.'

SHE SAID THAT SHE REALLY WISHED SHE HAD NEW CAR

8) Cheryl asked her, 'How long have you lived here?

CHERYL ASKED HER HOW LONG SHE HAD LIVED THERE

9) She said, 'I've worked here since I left my last job.'

SHE SAID THAT SHE HAD WORKED THERE SINCE SHE LEFT HER LAST JOB

10) You said, 'I will help you!

YOU SAID THAT YOU WOULD HELP ME

11) You told her “don`t smoke

YOU TOLD HER NOT TO SMOKE

12) She told him “listen carefully”

SHE TOLD HIM TO LISTEN CAREFULLY

III. Change into passive voice:
1.John collects money.

MONEY IS COLLETED BY JOHN

2.Anna opened the window.

THE WINDOWS WAS OPENED BY ANNA

3.We have done our homework.

OUR HOMEWORK. HAS BEEN DONE BY US

4.I will ask a question.

A QUESTION WILL BE ASKED BY ME

5.He can cut out the picture.

THE PICTURE CAN BE CUT OUT BY HIM

6.The sheep ate a lot.

A LOT WAS EATEN BY THE SHEEP

7.We do not clean our rooms.

OUR ROOMS ARE NOT CLEANED BY US

8.William will not repair the car.

THE CAR WILL NOT BE REPAIRED BY WILLIAM

IV. Active to Passive Transformations

Put the following sentences into the passive voice

1.They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are made by them in that factory.

2.People must not leave bicycles in the driveway. Bicycles MUST NOT BE LEFT_ by people in the driveway.

3.They built that skyscraper in 1934. That skyscraper WAS BUILT by them in 1934.

4.The students will finish the course in July.

THE COURSE WILL BE FINISHED BY THE STUDENTS IN JULY

5.They are repairing the streets this month.

THE STREETS ARE BEING REPAIRED BY THEM THIS MONTH

6.They make these tools of plastic

THESE TOOLS ARE MADE BY THEM OF PLASTIC

7.They have finished the new product design.

THE NEW PRODUCT DESIGN HAS BEEN FINISHED BY THEM

8.They were cooking dinner when I arrived.

DINNER WAS BEING COOKED BY THEM WHEN I ARRIVED

9.Smithers painted 'Red Sunset' in 1986.

RED SUNSET WAS PAINTED BY SMITHERS IN 1986

10.They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived.

THE PREPARATIONS HAD BEEN FINISHED BY THE TIME THE GUESTS ARRIVED.

11.You should take care when working on electrical equipment. _____________________?¿?¿?¿?¿?¿?¿_________________

12.They are going to perform Beethoven's Fifth Symphony next weekend.

BEETHOVEN'S FIFTH SYMPHONY IS GOING TO BE PERFORMED BY THEM NEXT WEEKEND

13.Someone will speak Japanese at the meeting.

JAPENESE WILL BE SPOKEN BY SOMEONE AT THE MEETING

14.Karen is going to prepare the refreshments.

THE REFRESHMENTS ARE GOING TO BE PREPARE BY KAREN

V.PASSIVE TO ACTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS
TAKE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE VOICE AND PUT THEM INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE
1.THE INSTRUCTIONS HAVE BEEN CHANGED. SOMEONE HAS CHANGED THE INSTRUCTIONS.

2.She will have to be taught. Someone will have to teach her.

3.This car was manufactured in Japan by Toyota. Toyota _MANUFACTURED this car in Japan.
5.Last year 2,000 new units had been produced by the time we introduced the new design.

THE PRODUCED 2.000 NEW BY THE TIME WE INTRODUCED THE NEW DESIGN

6.Casual clothes must not be worn by me 7.$400,000 in profit has been reported this year by the company

I MUST NOT WEAR CASUAL CLOTHES

7.$400,000 in profit has been reported this year by the company

THE COMPANY HAS REPARTED $400.000 IN PROFIT THIS YEAR

8.The test will be given at five o'clock this afternoon by the school.

THE SCHOOL WILL GIVE THE TEST A FIVE O'CLOCK AFTERNOON

9.Students are required to wear uniforms at all times by the school

THE SCHOOL REQUIRES STUDENTS TO WEAR UNIFORMS AT ALLTIMES

10.This rumor must have been started by our competitors.

OUR COMPETITORS MUST HAVE STARTED THIS RUMOR

11.All work will have been completed by me at five o'clock this evening.

I WILL HAVE COMPLETED ALL WORK

12.We were told to wait here.

THEY TOLD US TO WAIT HERE

13.Lunch was being served by them when we arrived.

THEY WERE BEING LUNCH WHEN WE ARRIVED

14.Lectures are recorded and posted on the Internet by them

THEY RECORD LECTURES ON THE INTERNET

15.Portuguese has always been spoken by people in this city.

PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS SPOKEN PORTUGUESE IN THIS CITY

guia de ingles primeras guias

EXERCISES GUIA I

What do you look like?

My name is yormary ball live. I am study in the UNEFA I am stature 1.68 meters. I am brown skin. I am 17 years I have strong texture. I'm square face. I have straight hair with black eyes and straight nose

What does Mrs. Cooper look like? She is short and plumb.

What is she like? ___ She is small and fat

Is Albert short?________yes, he is short and small______________________________________

Is Valentina quiet?__________yes, she is quiet _________________________________

What`s Karina like?___karina is very tall and beautifull_______

Is Ricky tall?_no, he is not tall. He is small

UNIDAD 1 GUÌA PARTE 2

EXERCISES

I. Replace the words in italics with the correct personal pronouns.

a) Mr. Carter is my English teacher. He is my english teacher.

b) Ann is my new friend. _she is my new friends_________

c) The children are playing with a ball. they are playing with a ball

d) Sara is my sister. She is my sister

II.Complete the sentences using the corresponding object pronoun.

a) That`s my brother Jesus. Can you call___him______?

b) I don`t understand the lesson. Can you help __me____?

c) She isn`t at home. Can you ask__her_____to call me?

d) Where is my sweater? I can find__it___

e) Mary and I are having lunch at Mario`s. Can you meet_them___for lunch?

III. Write the sentences as in the example.

I have a pen

It`s my pen

It`s mine

a) He has a car__it is car__it is _

b) She has two dresses__those are __those are hers

c) we have many apples_ these are our apples __these are ours

d) she has two books__those are her books__those are hers

e) they have a sheep_it is their sheep__ it is their s

yormary ball cid 108 ci: 21098131

IV: Complete the sentences using “a” or “an”

a) ___a____blue sweater

b) Can you tell me ___a___ way to the post office, please?

c) __a__green skirt

d) It's such _a_____ nice day that I think I'll go and read my book in the park.

e) __an___ orange tie.

f) __a___red blouse

g) Have ___a__nice day.

h) I spoke to __a____ boss this morning about having next Friday off.

i) ____a____yellow car.

j) She had ___a___ boiled egg for breakfast.

k) ____an___old shirt.

Answer the following questions:

1) What day is today?_today is sunday_

2) What`s the first day of the week?___the first day on the week is monday_

3) What`s the third month of the year?___ the third month of the year is march_

4) What`s your favorite month?_ my favorite month is September _____

5) How many days are there in July?_they are thirty one days in july__

6) How many months are there in a year?___they are Twelve months in a year_

Complete with there is and there are

____there_is__ a lot of traffic in Valencia.

1) _____is there _______ anywhere to park around here?

2) ____there are_________ much sugar.

3) ___are there________ enough time to finish?

4) _____there are_______ a few bananas and a few apples.

5) __there is__________only one way to solve this problem.

6) ___is there_________ anyone here who wants to volunteer?

7) _____there are________ many tigers left in the world.

8) _____there is______ a lot of information available on this issue.

PARTE DE LA ÚLTIMA GUÍA DE LA UNIDAD I

EXERCISE. USE am, are , is, was, were

1. Turbocharges ___are_____the most usual means of forced aspiration used on motor vehicles.

2. The cruise control____is______an electronic aid.

3. Transistors ____are_________ great deal of improvement over the vacuum tube.

4. James ______is________at the party.

5. I_____was________at the cinema.

6. Fourth generations computer______are________the modern day computers.

7. Jones ____is______intelligent.

8. A byte ____is______a unit of information.

Yormary ball cid 108 ci: 21098131

EXERCISE. USE: ON, IN, AT

1. Monday mornings I usually go swimming ___at_____ 11 o’clock.

2. He was standing __at____the corner waiting for her.

3. There is a spider __on____ the wall.

4. My birthday is ____in_____ February.

5. What are you doing ___at______the weekend.

6. The last time I saw you was ____in______ 2001.

7. We spent a few days ___in___ Paris last year.

8. There were two girls swimming__ in____ the river.

9. I start University ___on____7th October.

10. Can you ring me ____at_____an hour?

11. I usually stay in ..in.... Saturday nights.

12. I always go to the cinema ..on.... Wednesday evening.

13. Bill is waiting for his girlfriend ___on________ the bus stop.

14. The museum is ____at_____ the end of this street.

ÙLTIMA PARTE DE LA GUÌA UNIDAD I

Exercises:

Complete the sentences with the prepositions IN; ON; AT.

1)I have left my luggage ___in_____ the car

2) My flat is ____on____ the tenth floor

2) To go to that restaurant you must turn left _____at___ the next corner

3) I study law ___at_____ the Madrid University

4) My dog plays ____in____ the square with a little ball

5) In Japan people drive ____on____ the left, the same as in England

6) You can find that article ___on_____ page 15. I recommend that you read it

7) The president of that football club is now ___in_____ prison accused of multiple frauds

8) When I was young I lived ___ in_____ Paris with my parents

9) He must be very tired; he has fallen asleep ___in_____ the sofa

10) I will meet you at the cinema __at______ 10 o'clock.

1) The eagles fly ___in_____ the sky looking for food

2) Look at that butterfly ___on_____ the wall. It is so beautiful

3) I have put my glasses ____in___ your bag. Please, look after them

4) If you agree you must sign ___at_____ the bottom of this document

5) You can see my grandparents ___in_____ this photograph

6) I have two coins in my hand and another two __in______ my pocket

Yorary ball cid 108 ci: 21089131

Complete the sentences with the prepositions Above" / "Against" / "Among" / "Behind" / "Below" / "Beside" / "Between" / "In front of" / "Inside" / "Next to" / "Opposite" / "On"

7) My son sat in the cinema ___behind_____ me (detrás)

8) That restaurant is __nex to______ the bank where I work (próximo)

9) The springboard is ___above_____ the swimming pool

10) I live on the fifth floor and my brother ___below_____ me, on the second .

1) He stopped his car ___in front of_____ his house (delante)

2) I put the ballpoint pen ___beside_____ the drawer

3) In the cocktail party the Spanish ambassador was ___beside_____ his colleagues

4) The book that you are looking for is __in front of ______ that shelf

5) Peter, you left your raincoat ___on_____ my car

6) I lived in the same street as my parents; my house is ___in front of _____ theirs (enfrente)

7) The museum is ___in front of _____ the railway station (delante)

8) It is very hot and the bull rests ___below_____ the tree

9) You can find the butcher's ___beside_____ the baker's (al lado)

10) He arrived at the concert very late and was in the queue ___ behind_____ me (detrás)

11) I parked my car __nex to ______ the traffic light (próximo

Selecciona una preposición para completar las siguientes oraciones

1) The film starts ____at____ 10 o'clock

2) I am sure that I will finish my report ___on_____ Sunday

3) I was born in Seville ___in_____ 1964

4) I think that the best time to go to Paris is ____in____ Christmas

5) My brother will arrive from London ____on____ Friday afternoon

6) I want to organize a big party ___on_____ my birthday

7) In Madrid it is very cold __in_____ winter

8) Napoleon lived ___in_____ the 19th century

9) We can go to the beach ___on_____ the weekend

10) I usually get up ___at_____ six o'clock

11) Normally I feel very tired ____at____ night

12) The final match will take place ____on____ 15 November

13) I prefer to play tennis ___in_____ the evenings

14) I started to work in this company ____in____ February

15) We can go to the theatre __on______ Friday evening

16) In the office I have one hour free ____at____ lunch time

17) In my family it is a tradition to dinner together ___at_____ Christmas day

18) The Olympic Games took place in Barcelona __in______ 1992